相邻历元误差相关的抗差卡尔曼滤波算法分析     

王仁  赵长胜  张敏  孙鹏  杜希建 《地球信息科学学报》2015,17(12):1506-1510

根据卡尔曼滤波理论以及抗差理论,本文推导出了相邻历元误差相关的抗差卡尔曼滤波模型,其对观测值中含有粗差有良好的抗差性。通过对含有粗差的变形监测数据分析,与相邻历元误差相关的卡尔曼滤波模型进行比较,采用本文构造的抗差卡尔曼滤波模型处理数据,无论是否有粗差存在观测值里,变形计算结果与实际结果大体一致,粗差对计算结果的影响不敏感。在对变形监测数据分析时,可得出卡尔曼滤波方法估计的状态向量,没有寄存大量的以往观测数据,而是使用最近的观测数据,经过不断的预测和改正,把新的状态展示在系统中。  相似文献   

Chromothermal oscillations and collapse of strange stars to black holes: astrophysical implications     

Manjari Bagchi  Rachid Ouyed  Jan Staff  Subharthi Ray  Mira Dey †  Jishnu Dey ‡ 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,387(1):115-120

We study the effects of temperature on strange stars. It is found that the maximum mass of the star decreases with the increase of temperature, as at high temperatures the equations of state become softer. Moreover, if the temperature of a strange star increases, keeping its baryon number fixed, its gravitational mass increases and its radius decreases. This leads to a limiting temperature, where it turns into a black hole. These features are the result of a combined effect of the change of gluon mass and the quark distribution with temperature. We report on a new type of radial oscillation of strange stars, driven by what we call 'chromothermal' instability. We also discuss the relevance of our findings in the astrophysics of core collapse supernovae and gamma-ray bursts.  相似文献   

粉质黏土填料在K30试验加载进程中的变形时间效应状态分析     

熊勇  罗强  张良  蒋良潍  朱江江 《岩土力学》2018,39(3):863-871

变形稳定标准和分级加载制度是影响K30试验效率和准确性的关键因素,与加载进程中填土的变形时间效应状态密切相关。开展了3组最优含水率下压实系数K分别为0.90、0.95和1.00填土模型的小型平板载荷试验,获得了不同荷载作用下填土变形时程曲线和弹塑性变形数据,讨论了在K30试验加载进程中填土变形状态的变化及其对加载稳定时间的影响。试验表明：良好压实的粉质黏土填料,在K30试验进程中的变形以弹性为主,处于缓慢收敛状态,随着加载级数增加,塑性变形比例逐渐增大,变形时间效应呈现出由微弱进入明显状态的演化趋势,变形1.25 mm对应于缓慢收敛中的微弱时间效应亚状态;“变形速率不超过0.01 mm/min”变形稳定标准分级加载时间随时间效应指数呈加速增长规律,能在保证试验精度的基础上提高试验效率;以最大荷载下填土变形时间效应不应超过显著状态、变形量不小于1.25 mm为约束条件,针对5级加载、0.04 MPa荷载增量的加载制度,可得K30试验的适宜范围为60～160 MPa/m。  相似文献   

国际城市地下空间开发利用现状、趋势与启示     

张彬  徐能雄  戴春森 《地学前缘》2019,26(3):48-56

城市地下空间开发是缓解“城市病”、实现城市可持续发展的重要举措。欧美等发达国家和地区已经积累了丰富的城市地下空间开发的经验和教训。通过调研国际上一些主要城市的地下空间开发利用状况,剖析了当前国际城市地下空间开发的现状、问题及发展趋势,以指导我国城市地下空间开发。目前,国际城市地下空间开发形成了以缓解城市交通拥堵、扩大城市生存空间、建立集约型城市、构建舒适宜居城市环境为导向的开发模式,并以建设绿色、智慧的立体化城市为未来的发展趋势。我国应在充分吸收和学习国际上城市地下空间开发的经验和教训基础上,结合自身城市特点,高质量开发城市地下空间。  相似文献   

东海渔山列岛浅海岩礁区大型消费者食源及营养级分析     

刘好真  郑丹  焦海峰  王莉  徐鹏  史西志  王一农  尤仲杰 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(5):1036-1043

采用碳氮稳定性同位素技术分析了东海渔山列岛浅海岩礁区生物的碳氮稳定性同位素比值,研究了浅海岩礁区14种初级生产者、61种消费者的营养级。结果表明,东海渔山列岛浅海岩礁区消费者的营养级(TL)变化范围为2.000—4.760,推断东海渔山列岛浅海岩礁区生物有4个营养级;初级生产者δ~(15)N值变化范围为2.75‰—6.85‰,消费者δ~(15)N值变化范围为4.57‰—13.39‰;通过对不同生物δ~(15)N值的比较发现,各类别生物间的δ~(15)N值差异高度显著(P0.01),短滨螺(Littorina brevicula)的δ~(15)N值最低(4.57‰),中国花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatum)和黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)的δ~(15)N值最大,分别为11.87‰和13.39‰;单因素方差分析(One-Way ANOVA)表明4类食源间δ~(15)N和δ~(13)C值差异高度显著(P0.01);食源分析表明,鱼类的贡献范围(0.00%—7.09%)最小,初级生产者的贡献范围(27.05%—57.99%)最大;比较发现不同海域同一种生物体内富集的15N量也存在差异,这也从一个侧面反映出不同海域间生物的群落结构和稳定性存在差异。  相似文献   

Predatory pelagic fishes of the Bijagós Archipelago (Guinea-Bissau) show high overlap in diets dominated by sardinella     

E Correia  JP Granadeiro  A Regalla  E Dias  A Almeida  P Catry 《African Journal of Marine Science》2017,39(4):389-396

Knowledge of trophic interactions between the key components of marine communities is required to understand food-web dynamics and develop ecosystem-based management approaches. In West Africa, where fisheries sustain the livelihoods of a significant part of the human population, this understanding is even more urgent, especially in the face of rapidly expanding fisheries and some stock collapses in the region. We studied the feeding ecology of the Crevalle jack Caranx hippos, West African Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus tritor and Guinean barracuda Sphyraena afra in the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau. These are the most abundant pelagic predatory teleost fishes in the area, but little is known about their ecology despite being species with commercial and recreational value, and they likely also play an important role in various African coastal ecosystems. Our findings show a high degree of dietary overlap among these three predator species, despite some degree of segregation by prey size and type. All three predators depend on Sardinella maderensis as the most important prey, which together with other members of the Clupeidae represented 47–96% of the ingested prey items. There was little difference in the diets of the predators between the dry and rainy seasons. These novel findings suggest a ‘wasp-waist’-structured ecosystem in the Bijagós Archipelago in which S. maderensis is the central small-sized pelagic fish species, and stress the need for an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management in the region, with precautionary measures taken to avoid the overexploitation of clupeids.  相似文献   

动态多基态变粒度时空修正模型在矿区地质环境中的应用     

马龙  卢才武  顾清华 《测绘通报》2017,(9):104-109

针对矿区地质环境污染面积动态变迁和实时监测问题,首先根据TGIS中的时间属性表达特性,分别将时间粒度表达和变粒度时空存储因子设计与现有的动态多级基态修正模型进行综合集成表示,提出了一种动态多基态变粒度的修正模型,实现了时间粒度动态变化过程中多基态自动确立问题;其次结合某矿区地质环境面积变迁的时空数据特征,分别设计了时空数据库的五库结构和数据库组织结构,实现了矿区地质环境面积变迁时空数据库的逻辑和物理结构设计;然后通过结合TGIS和视频播放器原理,实现了矿区地质环境面积变化场景的回放,并采用空间数据库查询语句实现了地质环境面积变化的超前预演;最后以某矿区地质环境数据为例,实践表明：动态多基态变粒度的修正模型可实时监测矿区地质环境类型面积的变迁过程,增加了复垦区域的面积,实现了矿区地质环境面积变迁数据的存储、再现和未来变迁的预演。  相似文献   

A simple critical state interface model and its application in prediction of shaft resistance of non-displacement piles in sand     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2017

A simple semi-hyperbolic state-dependent constitutive model for sand-structure interfaces is proposed. The model formulation is consistent with critical state soil mechanics since void ratio evolves continuously with shear strain from initial state towards asymptotic critical state at extremely large shear strains. The model takes into account influence of normal stiffness on volume change and stress path. The proposed interface model is implemented in a pile segment analysis scheme for simulation of shaft resistance mobilization in non-displacement piles. Results reveal that the proposed pile segment analysis can well predict shaft resistance of model piles embedded in different sands.  相似文献   

A simple procedure to simulate a smooth elastic-plastic transition in Cam-Clay models     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2017

A simple procedure is proposed to simulate a smooth transition from elastic to elastoplastic behaviour in Cam-Clay models. The procedure consists of the definition of an external constitutive surface where full yield is assumed, and an internal one that allows the definition of the position in which plastic strains start to appear before the external yield surface is reached. The comparison of the model results with different laboratory tests shows the validity of the procedure. The method considers one additional parameter with regard to a “standard” critical state model, and it can easily be implemented in existing integration modules.  相似文献   

考虑渗流条件下开挖面失稳离心试验研究     

陈仁朋  尹鑫晟  汤旅军  陈云敏 《岩土力学》2015,36(Z1):225-229

当土压平衡盾构穿越高水位地层（如穿越江河）时,地下水与土舱之间的高水压差会产生过大的渗透力,导致开挖面失稳。为了研究渗流条件下开挖面失稳问题,开发了一套隧道离心模型试验装置,主要包括刚性模型箱、模型盾构、开挖面伺服加载系统、水位控制系统、储水箱。针对饱和砂质粉土地层,开展了一系列不同水位高度的稳态渗流开挖面失稳模型试验。结果显示,开挖面失稳过程中随着开挖面位移的增加,有效支护压力迅速下降;在达到最小值 之后缓慢回升并趋于稳定;极限有效支护压力 与水头压力 呈线性关系。  相似文献